Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program for randomizing a duration for receiving a probe request

ABSTRACT

Provided is a wireless communication device which includes a notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of the wireless communication device, a notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/780,997 (filed on Feb. 28, 2013), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/750,346 (filed on Mar. 30, 2010), which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-094369 (filed on Apr. 8, 2009), which are all hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a wireless communication device, a wireless communication system, a wireless communication method, and a program.

Description of the Related Art

In recent years, due to advantages such as a greater degree of freedom of devices or the like, a wireless network typified by IEEE 802.11, which is a LAN standard, is becoming more popular, taking the place of a wired network, and applications that are used are becoming more varied.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

[Patent Literature 1] JP-A-2005-223767

[Patent Literature 2] JP-A-2005-151525

[Patent Literature 3] JP-A-2005-51522

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11, the operation of an access point (AP) is started first, and notification information (beacon) is periodically transmitted from the access point at a frequency that is set in advance. A station (STA) finds the access point, which is a communication counterpart, by receiving the beacon transmitted from the access point.

On the other hand, a method is assumed of determining an access point and a station by negotiation after connection has been completed, without distinguishing in advance an access point and a station among communicating devices. According to this method, since it is not known at what frequency the counterpart is operating, notifications, such as beacons, are transmitted while switching the frequencies, and when the frequencies of devices match at a certain timing, the notification information can be received for the first time and connection can be completed.

However, in this case, if frequency switching timing of a device matches that of a communication-counterpart device, a situation is assumed where switching progresses with the frequency of the devices remaining different and notification information transmitted from a communication counterpart will not be received.

In light of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a wireless communication device, a wireless communication system, a wireless communication method, and a program which are novel and improved, and which enable to reliably look for a communication counterpart while switching frequencies.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communication device which includes a notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of the wireless communication device, a notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device

Transmission of the notification information by the transmitting unit and waiting for receipt of the notification information by the receiving unit may be performed in time-division manner. There may be provided a random period setting unit for setting a cycle for transmitting the notification information or a waiting cycle for the receipt of the notification information to a random period.

There may be provided an acknowledgement transmitting unit for transmitting, in case the notification information transmitted from another device is received by the notification information receiving unit, the acknowledgement to such other device.

There may be provided a reception processing unit for receiving the acknowledgement to the notification information of the wireless communication device from another device which has received the notification information of the wireless communication device.

Transmission of the notification information by the transmitting unit may be performed at a determined specific frequency.

Reception of the notification information by the receiving unit may be performed at a determined specific frequency.

The transmitting unit may transmit a beacon as the notification information, and the receiving unit may receive an acknowledgement to the beacon transmitted as the notification information.

The transmitting unit may transmit a probe request as the notification information, and the receiving unit may receive a probe response to the probe request transmitted as the notification information.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communication system which includes a first wireless communication device including a first notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of the first wireless communication device, a first notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a first frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a first transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device, and a second wireless communication device including a second notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via the wireless communication network, notification information of the second wireless communication device, a second notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a second frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a second transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device. The second wireless communication device may receive the notification information transmitted from the first wireless communication device, transmit the acknowledgement to the first wireless communication device, and perform the data transmission process with the first wireless communication device.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communication method which includes the steps of transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of a wireless communication device, waiting for notification information transmitted from another device, successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a program for causing a computer to function as means for transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of a wireless communication device, means for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, means for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and means for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device.

According to the embodiments of the present invention described above, there can be provided a wireless communication device, a wireless communication system, a wireless communication method, and a program which are novel and improved, and which enable to reliably look for a communication counterpart while switching frequencies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a sequence until communication is started between an access point and a station, in the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11;

FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing an example of transmitting notification information by using a beacon in communication by direct connection;

FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram showing a case where frequency change cycles of a station 1 and a station 2 match;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication device according to each embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a sequence according to a first embodiment; and

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a sequence according to a second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT(S)

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. Note that, in this specification and the appended drawings, structural elements that have substantially the same function and structure are denoted with the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation of these structural elements is omitted.

The explanation will be given in the following order.

<1. First Embodiment>

(1) Technical Basis

(2) Communication Method where Access Point is Not Determined in Advance and Its Demerit

(3) Configuration of Wireless Communication Device

(4) Flow of Processes according to First Embodiment

<2. Second Embodiment>

(1) Flow of Processes according to Second Embodiment

1. First Embodiment

(1) Technical Basis

Most of the wireless LAN connection modes defined by IEEE 802.11, which is a wireless LAN standard, are an infrastructure mode of performing communication via an access point. At the time of connecting wirelessly, a radio has to somehow find a connection counterpart. To find here means to be in a state where synchronization of frequency channels and timings can be established.

In the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11, the operation of an access point (AP) is started first, and a beacon is periodically transmitted at a frequency (referred to as F1) that is set in advance. Here, the beacon is notification information including an ESS-ID, which is an identifier of a network, a time stamp, which is time information in the network, a list of supported wireless transmission rates, or the like. A station (STA) finds the access point (AP), which is a communication counterpart, by receiving the beacon transmitted from the access point. At this time, the frequency of the station (STA) may be set by a user to be the same as the frequency F1 of the access point (AP). Alternatively, the frequency of the station (STA) may be set such that the station continues reception while switching the frequency channels defined by IEEE 802.11 one by one until the station detects the beacon.

FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a sequence until communication is started between an access point and a station, in the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11. First, the power of an access point is turned on in step S10, and the access point starts transmission of beacon at the frequency F1 in the next step S12. Additionally, the access point can autonomously find the frequency set by a user or a frequency at which an access point is vacant. After the power is turned on in step S20, the station starts waiting for a beacon in step S22. The station keeps waiting while switching frequencies.

In step S24, the frequency at which the station waits for a beacon is set to F1. Accordingly, a beacon (frequency F1) transmitted from the access point is received at the station, and in step S26, the station perceives the existence of the access point.

Then, authentication and association are performed between the access point and the station, and connection is completed in step S28. After the connection is completed, a beacon is transmitted from the access point to the station, and data communication between the access point and the station is started.

(2) Communication Method where Access Point is not Determined in Advance and its Demerit

On the other hand, a method can be assumed according to which two terminals are connected by direct connection in a simple manner by using the mechanism of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN without the user consciously distinguishing between an access point and a station. According to this method, the terminals are equal to each other without the distinction of access point and station, and at the time of communication, both start searching for each other at the same time. Negotiation is performed after each other is found, and one plays the role of a simple access point, and the other plays the role of a station. Accordingly, this method enables to realize a simple infrastructure mode without distinguishing between an access point and a station,

According to the method described above, two terminals have to find each other simultaneously without which terminal is to play the role of starting continuous transmission of beacons (the role of the access point) being determined. At this time, the two terminals start operation while still not knowing the frequency of a counterpart and not even knowing if a counterpart exists at all. Accordingly, the two terminals have to transmit notification information while switching the frequencies, and at the same time, to wait in anticipation of reception of notification information of a counterpart.

FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing an example of transmitting notification information by using a beacon in communication by direct connection using the mechanism of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. First, the power of a station 1 (STA1) is turned on in step S30. In the next step S32, the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F1, and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S34, for a response from other station at the frequency F1.

On the other hand, at a station 2 (STA2), power is turned on in step S40. In the next step S42, the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F1, and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S44, for a response from other station at the frequency F1.

In the example of FIG. 2, the frequency F1 of the beacon transmitted by the station 1 and the frequency F1 at which the station 2 is waiting match. Accordingly, the station 2 can receive the beacon transmitted by the station 1. When receiving the beacon transmitted by the station 1, the station 2 perceives the existence of the to station 1 in step S46. Then, negotiation for determining which is to play the role of an access point is performed between the station 1 and the station 2. As a result of the negotiation, it is determined in step S48 that the station 1 will play the role of an access point, and the connection is completed. In this case, the station 2 will play the role of a station (station (STA) shown in FIG. 1) in the infrastructure mode. After the connection is completed, a beacon is transmitted from the access point to the station, and data communication is performed between the access point and the station.

As described above, according to communication by direct connection using the mechanism of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, a simple infrastructure mode can be realized by negotiation at the time of connection, without determining in advance which device is to play the role of an access point or a station.

However, according to the communication by direct connection described above, notification information (beacons) are continuously transmitted with the frequencies continuously changing. Thus, if the frequency change cycles of the station 1 and the station 2 match, the frequencies are changed while maintaining the state where the frequencies are shifted from each other, and the terminals may not find each other. FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram showing a case where frequency change cycles of the station 1 and the station 2 match.

First, when the power of the station 1 (STA1) is turned on in step S50, the station 1 sets a communication frequency to F1 in the next step S52. In the next step S54, the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F1, and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S56, for a response from other station at the frequency F1.

On the other hand, when the power of the station 2 (STA2) is turned on in step S60, the station 2 sets a communication frequency to F2 in the next step S62. In the next step S64, the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F2, and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S66, for a response from other station at the frequency F2.

The station 1 switches the frequency to F2 in step S58, and transmits a beacon and waits as in steps S54 to S56. Subsequently, the station 1 periodically switches the frequency in the order of F3→F1→F2→F3, and performs the same processes.

The station 2 also switches the frequency to F3 in step S68, and transmits a beacon and waits as in steps S64 to S66. Subsequently, the station 2 periodically switches the frequency in the order of F1→F2→F3→F1, and performs the same processes.

In FIG. 3, when the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F1 (step S54) and is waiting at the frequency 1 (S56), the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F2 (step S64) and is waiting at the frequency F2 (step S66). Therefore, neither the station 1 nor the station 2 can perceive the other because their respective frequencies are different. Also, in FIG. 3, the frequency switching cycle is the same for the station 1 and the station 2. Thus, even if each of the stations 1 and 2 switches the frequency after step S58 or S68, the frequency at which the station 1 performs transmission and the frequency at which the station 2 is waiting will not match. Also, the frequency at which the station 2 performs transmission and the frequency at which the station 1 is waiting will not match. Therefore, both station 1 and station 2 will not perceive each other.

(3) Configuration of Wireless Communication Device

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication device 100 according to each embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication device 100 is configured to be able to communicate with other wireless communication device by a wireless communication network such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11n, which are wireless LAN standards. As shown in FIG. 1, each wireless communication device 100 includes a data processing unit 102, a transmission processing unit 104, a wireless interface unit 106, a control unit 108, a memory 110, and an antenna 112.

At the time of transmission, the data processing unit 102 creates various data frames and data packets in response to a request from an upper layer, for example, and supplies the same to the transmission processing unit 104. The transmission processing unit 104 performs, at the time of transmission, processing such as adding to a packet generated at the data processing unit 102 various data heads or an error detection code such as a frame check sequence (FCS), and provides the data which has been processed to the wireless interface unit 106. The wireless interface unit 106 generates, from the data received from the transmission processing unit 104, a modulation signal in a frequency band of a carrier, and makes the same transmitted from the antenna 112 as a radio signal.

Furthermore, at the time of performing a reception operation, the wireless interface unit 106 decodes the various data frames by down-converting the radio signal received by the antenna 112 and changing the same to a bit sequence. That is, the wireless interface unit 106 can function, in cooperation with the antenna 112, as a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmission processing unit 104 analyzes the headers added to the various data frames supplied from the wireless interface unit 106 and checks, based on the error detection code, that each data frame includes no error, and then, supplies the various data frames to the data processing unit 102. The data processing unit 102 processes and analyzes the various data frames and data packets supplied from the transmission processing unit 104.

The control unit 108 is a block for controlling the respective operations of the data processing unit 102, the transmission processing unit 104, and the wireless interface unit 106. The control unit 108 performs operations such as determination of a transmission/reception frequency, creation of a control message (notification information such as a beacon, a beacon acknowledgement, a probe request and a probe response), issuance of a transmission command for the control message, and interpretation of the control message. Also, the control unit 108 controls various operations of the wireless communication device 100, such as reception operation and transmission operation.

As shown in FIG. 4, the control unit 108 includes, as main structural elements, a notification-information creation/transmission-instruction unit 108 a, a reception/interpretation processing unit 108 b, a frequency switching unit 108 e, and a random period setting unit 108 d. The notification-information creation/transmission-instruction unit 108 a creates the control message, or issues a transmission command for the control message. The reception/interpretation processing unit 108 b performs a reception process or an interpretation process for the control message transmitted from the communication counterpart. The frequency switching unit 108 c performs an operation of switching transmission frequencies or of switching waiting frequencies. The random period setting unit 108 d performs an operation of setting a transmission cycle or a waiting cycle to a random period.

The memory 110 plays the role of a work area for the data processing by the control unit 108, and has a function of a storage medium for holding various types of data. Various storage media, for example, a volatile memory such as a DRAM, a non-volatile memory such as an EEPROM, a hard disk and an optical disk, may be used as the memory 110. Additionally, each block shown in FIG. 4 can be configured from hardware (circuit). Furthermore, each block can be configured from a processor (CPU) and software (program) for making the processor function. In this case, the program can be stored in the storage medium included in the wireless communication device 100, such as the memory 110.

(4) Flow of Processes According to First Embodiment

The present embodiment makes the frequency change cycle inconstant (random) in view of the issue described with FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a sequence according to the present embodiment. As with FIG. 3, two stations (STA1 and STA2) are to look for a communication counterpart. Both stations 1 and 2 are assumed to have a function conforming to IEEE 802.11. Also, as with FIG. 3, usable frequencies are F1, F2 and F3 for both stations 1 and 2.

There are two kinds of messages to be transmitted by each of the station 1 and the station 2, namely, a beacon and a beacon acknowledgement which is transmitted at the time of receiving a beacon. Also, there are four states in relation to the states of each of the station 1 and the station 2, namely, beacon transmission, waiting, frequency changing, and beacon response transmission.

In FIG. 5, the station 1 is to transmit a beacon at the frequency F1 during the beacon transmission cycle. Also, the station 2 is to transmit a beacon at the frequency F2. With both station 1 and station 2, the transmission of a beacon is to be alternately performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles and waiting is to be performed every cycle.

First, when the power of the station 1 (STA1) is turned on in step S100, the station 1 sets a communication frequency to F1 in the next step S102. In the next step S104, the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F1, and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S106, for a response from other station at the frequency F1.

On the other hand, at the station 2 (STA2), when the power is turned on in step S200, a communication frequency is set to F2 in the next step S202. In the next step S204, the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F2, and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S206, for a response from other station at the frequency F2.

Then, in step S208, the station 2 sets the frequency to F3. Since the transmission of a beacon is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles, the station 2 waits without transmitting a beacon at the frequency F3 (step S210). Then, the frequency is switched to F2 in step S212, and a beacon is transmitted at the frequency F2 in the next step S214.

The station 1 changes the frequency to F2 in step S108. Since, also at the station 1, the transmission of a beacon is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles, the station 1 waits without transmitting a beacon at the frequency F2 (S110). Thus, the transmission timing of a beacon (frequency F2) by the station 2 in step S214 is during the time the station has started to wait (frequency F2) in step S110 and is still waiting at the frequency F2. This is because, in this case, steps S212 and S214 of the station 2 occurred before the timing of the station 1 changing the frequency after step S108, because the cycle of the station 1 for changing the frequency after step S108 was set to be random. Therefore, the station 1 receives the beacon transmitted from the station 2 at the frequency F2, perceives the existence of the station 2 in step S112, and transmits a beacon response in the next step S114.

The station 2 receives the beacon response transmitted from the station 1 and perceives the existence of the station 1 in step S216. Then, negotiation is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 to determine which is to play the role of an access point. Here, it is assumed that, as a result of the negotiation, the station 1 is determined to play the role of an access point in the infrastructure mode (step S218), and the connection is completed. In this case, the station 2 will play the role of a station in the infrastructure mode. After the connection is completed, data communication is performed between the station 1 and the station 2.

In the sequence of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the cycle for transmitting beacons, the cycle for waiting, or the cycle for changing the frequencies is set to a random period for each of the stations 1 and 2. Referring to the station 2 as an example, a time T1 from a timing of starting the waiting at the frequency F3 (step S210) to a timing of changing to the frequency F2 (step S212) can be set as the random period. Also, a time T2 from a timing of setting to the frequency F3 (step S208) to a timing of changing to the next frequency F2 (step S212) can be set as the random period.

Also, in case of the cycle for waiting after the transmission of a beacon, a time T3 from a timing of transmitting a beacon at the frequency F2 and of starting to wait (step S206) to a timing of changing to the next frequency F3 (step S208) can be set as the random period.

Also, a time T4 from setting the transmission frequency for a beacon to F2 (step S202) to a timing of changing to the next frequency F3 (step S208) can be set as the random period.

Also, a portion equivalent to 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles may be set as the random period. For example, a time T5 from setting the transmission frequency for a beacon to F2 (step S202) to a next timing of setting the transmission frequency for a beacon to F2 (step S212) may be set as the random period.

In this manner, by setting the cycle for transmitting beacons, the cycle for waiting, or the cycle for changing the frequencies at a random period, frequencies can be prevented from being switched at the same cycles at both station 1 and station 2. Accordingly, a state as described with FIG. 3 in which the terminals will not find each other can be reliably prevented.

The random period may be period generated by a random number generator, for example. By ending a waiting state at a certain frequency at a timing of elapse of a random period and switching to the next frequency, a situation as described in FIG. 3 where devices will not find each other can be reliably prevented.

Additionally, in FIG. 5, it is assumed that the transmission of a beacon is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles at each of the stations 1 and 2. However, as with FIG. 3, the transmission of a beacon and waiting can be performed every cycle. In this case, the transmission frequency for a beacon can also be changed every cycle as with FIG. 3.

Additionally, although beacons are transmitted at a constant frequency at all times in FIG. 5, the beacons may be transmitted at periodically different frequencies (for example, F1→F2→F3→F1, . . . ).

2. Second Embodiment

(1) Flow of Processes According to Second Embodiment

Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The configuration of a wireless communication device 100 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described with FIG. 4. The waiting time for receiving a beacon was made random in the first embodiment. However, in the second embodiment, a cycle for transmission or a cycle for waiting is set to a random period in case of receiving a probe response as a response to a probe request. The probe request here is notification information including an identifier of a network, supported communication rate information, identification information of each station, or the like.

In the second embodiment, there are two kinds of messages to be transmitted by each of the station 1 and the station 2, namely, a probe request and a probe response. Also, there are four states in relation to the states of each of the station 1 and the station 2, namely, probe request transmission, waiting, frequency changing, and probe response transmission.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of processes. It is assumed that, for both the station 1 and the station 2, the transmission of a probe request is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles and waiting is performed every cycle.

First, when the power of a station 1 (STA1) is turned on in step S300, the station 1 sets a communication frequency to F1 in the next step S302. In the next step S304, the station 1 transmits a probe request at the frequency F1. Then, after transmitting the probe request, the station 1 waits, in step S306, for the reception of a probe response to the probe request that has been transmitted.

On the other hand, when the power of a station 2 (STA2) is turned on in step S400, a communication frequency is set to F3 in the next step S402. The station 2 is transmits a probe request at a frequency F2 in the next step S404. Then, after transmitting the probe request, the station 2 waits, in step S406, for a probe response to the probe request that has been transmitted.

Then, in step S408, the station 2 sets the frequency to F1, and waits for a probe request at the frequency F1 in step S410. Then, in step S412, the frequency is switched to F3, and a probe request is transmitted at the frequency F3 in the next step S414.

The station 1 changes the frequency to F3 in step S308, starts waiting for a probe request at the frequency F3 in the next step S310, and will keep waiting.

Then, the transmission timing of a probe request (frequency F3) by the station 2 in step S414 matches the timing of the station 1 waiting (frequency F3), after step S310, for a probe request. This is because, in this case, steps S412 and S414 of the station 2 occurred before the timing of the station 1 changing the frequency after step S308, because the cycle of the station 1 for changing the frequency after step S308 was set to be random. Therefore, the station 1 receives the probe request transmitted from the station 2 at the frequency F3, perceives the existence of the station 2 in step S312, and transmits a probe response in the next step S314.

The station 2 receives the probe response transmitted from the station 1 and perceives the existence of the station 1 in step S416. Then, negotiation is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 to determine which is to play the role of an access point. Here, it is assumed that, as a result of the negotiation, the station 1 is determined to play the role of an access point in the infrastructure mode (step S418), and the connection is completed. In this case, the station 2 will play the role of a station in the infrastructure mode. After the connection is completed, data communication is performed between the station 1 and the station 2.

Also in the sequence of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the waiting time is set to a random period for both station 1 and station 2. Referring to the station 2 as an example, any of T6 to T11 shown in FIG. 6 or some of T6 to T11 can be made to be the random period.

In the present embodiment, in case of transmitting a probe request, it is assumed for both station 1 and station 2 that the probe request is transmitted with usable frequencies periodically switched in turn. In FIG. 6, the station 1 switches the frequency in the order such as F1→F2→F3→F1 . . . , and the station 2 switches the frequency in the order such as F2→F3→F1→F2 . . . .

On the other hand, since the counterpart is transmitting probe requests while switching the frequencies, a probe request is to be waited for at a constant frequency. In the example of FIG. 6, the station 1 waits for a probe request at the frequency F3, and the station 2 waits for a probe request at the frequency F1. However, the waiting frequency may be periodically differing frequencies, and may be switched in the order of F1→F2→F3→F1 . . . , for example.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, by making random the time during which a waiting state is continued, the frequencies of the devices are not set to be different at all times, and a situation where the devices will not find each other can be prevented.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless communication device that is configured to communicate with a second device via an antenna of the second device, the wireless communication device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuitry configured to: receive, during a listen state, a probe request from the second device; transmit a probe response on a first frequency that is fixed in a first state of utilizing the fixed first frequency as a single fixed channel of transmitting the probe request; and randomize, during a single duration of a search state, a period for changing a frequency for reception in a second state of receiving a probe response from the second device on plural channels of a fixed list of frequencies, the frequency for reception being changed to each of the first frequency, a second frequency, and a third frequency switched in turn within the single duration of the search state, wherein the period for changing the frequency for reception in the second state of the fixed list of frequencies is a length of time that is an integer multiple of a time interval, the integer multiple being a randomly-generated number, wherein the period represents a waiting cycle for the reception of the probe response, and the waiting cycle associated with the frequency for reception is ended at a timing of elapse of the randomized period, and wherein when the wireless communication device receives the probe response transmitted by the second device, a negotiation is performed between the wireless communication device and the second device.
 2. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the negotiation determines which one of the second device and the wireless communication device plays an access point AP-like role.
 3. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the probe request includes a Frame Check Sequence.
 4. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to construct a probe request frame, as at least a portion of a probe request, for transmission to the second device.
 5. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to decode a probe response frame of the probe response received from the second device.
 6. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein a transmission of a probe request by a transmission circuitry and a waiting for a reception of the probe response from the second device by the processing circuitry are performed in a time-division manner wherein time divisions of transmission and waiting do not overlap.
 7. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the time interval is a predetermined fixed interval of time.
 8. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to transmit a beacon as notification information, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to receive an acknowledgement to the beacon transmitted as notification information.
 9. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to transmit a probe request as notification information, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to receive the probe response as notification information, wherein the transmission of notification information by a transmitting circuitry and a waiting for a reception of notification information by the processing circuitry are performed in a time-division manner, and wherein the wireless communication device further comprises: a random period setting unit configured to set at least one of a duration for transmitting notification information and a duration for waiting for receipt of notification information, to a random duration; and a second processing circuitry configured to perform data transmission processing after an acknowledgement to notification information is transmitted or received, wherein the random period setting unit is implemented via a processor.
 10. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the received probe request comprises identification information of the second device.
 11. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the received probe request comprises at least one of an identifier of a network, a supported communication rate information, and a device name of the second device.
 12. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, further comprising: an interface unit coupled to the processing circuitry, wherein the interface unit is configured to encode a probe request and encode the probe response prior to transmission, and wherein the interface unit is further configured to receive and decode the probe response received from the second device.
 13. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, further comprising: an antenna coupled to the processing circuitry and through which a probe request and the probe response are transmitted to the second device, and through which the probe response is received from the second device.
 14. An information processing apparatus that is configured to communicate with a second device via an antenna of the second device, the information processing apparatus comprising: a memory storing instructions; and a processor operably connected to the memory to read and execute the instructions from the memory to perform: a reception, during a listen state, of a probe request from the second device on a first frequency that is fixed in a first state of waiting on the fixed first frequency as a single fixed channel of receiving the probe request; a transmission of a probe response; a switching of a frequency channel on which a probe response is to be received from the second device, the probe response being received in a second state on a fixed list of frequencies for transmission; and a randomizing, during a single duration of a search state, of a period for changing the frequency channel for reception in the second state of receiving the probe response from the second device on plural channels of the fixed list of frequencies, the frequency for reception being changed to each of the first frequency, a second frequency, and a third frequency switched in turn within the single duration of the search state, wherein the period for changing the frequency channel for reception in the second state on the fixed list of frequencies is a length of time that is an integer multiple of a time interval, the integer multiple being a randomly-generated number, wherein the period represents a waiting cycle for the reception of the probe response, and the waiting cycle associated with the frequency channel for reception is ended at a timing of elapse of the randomized period, and wherein when the information processing apparatus receives the probe response from the second device, a negotiation is performed between the information processing apparatus and the second device.
 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the negotiation determines which one of the second device and the information processing apparatus plays an access point AP-like role.
 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the received probe request includes a Frame Check Sequence.
 17. A wireless communication device compliant with IEEE 802.11 and configured to communicate with a second device via an antenna of the second device, the wireless communication device comprising: a reception circuitry configured to receive, during a listen state, a probe request from the second device; a transmission circuitry configured to transmit a probe response on a first frequency that is fixed in a first state of utilizing the fixed first frequency as a single fixed channel of transmitting the probe response, the probe response comprising at least one of an identifier of a network, a supported communication rate information, and a device name of the wireless communication device; and a control circuitry configured to switch, during a search state, a frequency channel on which a probe request is to be transmitted, the probe request being transmitted in a second state on a fixed list of frequencies for transmission, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to randomize, during a single duration of the search state, a period for changing the frequency channel for transmission in the second state of transmitting the probe request on the fixed list of frequencies, the frequency for transmission being changed to each of the first frequency, a second frequency, and a third frequency switched in turn within the single duration of the search state, wherein the period for changing the frequency channel for transmission in the second state on the fixed list of frequencies is a length of time that is an integer multiple of a time interval, the integer multiple being a randomly-generated number, wherein a duration for transmitting the probe response by the transmission circuitry and the duration for receiving the probe request by the reception circuitry do not overlap, and wherein when the wireless communication device receives the probe response from the second device, a negotiation is performed between the wireless communication device and the second device.
 18. The wireless communication device according to claim 17, wherein the negotiation determines which one of the second device and the wireless communication device plays an access point AP-like role.
 19. The wireless communication device according to claim 17, wherein the probe requests each include a Frame Check Sequence.
 20. A wireless communication device that is configured to communicate with a second device via an antenna of the second device, the wireless communication device comprising: a reception circuitry configured to receive, during a listen state, a probe request from the second device for a first frequency that is fixed in a first state of waiting on the fixed first frequency as a single fixed channel of receiving the probe request; a transmission circuitry configured to transmit a probe response; and a control circuitry configured to switch, during a search state, a frequency channel on which a probe request is to be transmitted, the probe request being transmitted in a second state on a fixed list of frequencies for transmission, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to randomize, during a single duration of the search state, a period for changing the frequency channel for transmission in the second state of transmitting the probe request on the fixed list of frequencies, the frequency for transmission being changed to each of the first frequency, a second frequency, and a third frequency switched in turn within the single duration of the search state, wherein the period for changing the frequency channel for transmission in the second state on the fixed list of frequencies is a length of time that is an integer multiple of a time interval, the integer multiple being a randomly-generated number, and wherein when the wireless communication device receives the probe response from the second device, a negotiation is performed between the wireless communication device and the second device.
 21. The wireless communication device according to claim 20, wherein the negotiation determines which one of the second device and the wireless communication device plays an access point AP-like role.
 22. The wireless communication device according to claim 20, wherein the received probe request includes a Frame Check Sequence.
 23. The wireless communication device according to claim 20, further comprising: a data processing circuitry configured to decode a probe response frame received from the second device. 